MCQs – Exam Level

Class: 8 | Subject: Science

Chapter 5: Coal and Petroleum

1. Which of the following is a fossil fuel?
   A) Wood
   B) Coal
   C) Biogas
   D) Wind
   Answer: B) Coal

---

2. Coal tar is used for making:
   A) Fertilizers
   B) Roads
   C) Glass
   D) Cement
   Answer: B) Roads

---

3. Which product of coal is almost pure carbon?
   A) Coal gas
   B) Coke
   C) Coal tar
   D) Charcoal
   Answer: B) Coke

---

4. Petroleum is also known as:
   A) Black soil
   B) Brown fuel
   C) Black gold
   D) Liquid coal
   Answer: C) Black gold

---

5. The process of separating petroleum into useful products is called:
   A) Distillation
   B) Filtration
   C) Refining
   D) Evaporation
   Answer: C) Refining

---

6. Which is the cleanest fossil fuel?
   A) Coal
   B) Petroleum
   C) Diesel
   D) Natural gas
   Answer: D) Natural gas

---

7. Which petroleum product is used for surfacing roads?
   A) Petrol
   B) Diesel
   C) Bitumen
   D) Kerosene
   Answer: C) Bitumen

---

8. CNG is mainly used as:
   A) Lubricant
   B) Fertilizer
   C) Fuel
   D) Plastic
   Answer: C) Fuel

---

9. Fossil fuels are called non-renewable because they:
   A) Are costly
   B) Cause pollution
   C) Take millions of years to form
   D) Are solid fuels
   Answer: C) Take millions of years to form

---

10. Which of the following is NOT a petroleum product?
    A) Petrol
    B) Paraffin wax
    C) Coke
    D) Diesel
    Answer: C) Coke

 

One-Page Quick Revision Sheet

Class: 8 | Subject: Science

Chapter 5: Coal and Petroleum

🌍 Fossil Fuels

• Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas
• Formed from dead plants & animals
• Take millions of years → Non-renewable

---

🪨 Coal

• Used as fuel
• Products:
  • Coke – Almost pure carbon (fuel, steel)
  • Coal Tar – Roads, dyes, naphthalene
  • Coal Gas – Fuel

Memory: C³ → Coke | Coal Tar | Coal Gas

---

🛢️ Petroleum

• Also called Black Gold
• Found deep inside Earth
• Separated by Refining (Fractional Distillation)

Petroleum Products (Top → Bottom):

Gas → Petrol → Kerosene → Diesel → Lubricating Oil → Paraffin Wax → Bitumen

Memory Sentence:
Good People Keep Doing Lovely Public Business

---

🔥 Natural Gas (CNG)

• Cleanest fossil fuel
• High calorific value
• Used in homes & vehicles

Memory: CNG = Clean Natural Gas

---

⚠️ Important Exam Points

• Fossil fuels are exhaustible
• Must be conserved
• Excess use causes pollution

VERY IMPORTANT LINE:
“Fossil fuels are non-renewable natural resources formed over millions of years.”

 

Mind Map + Easy Memory Tricks

Class: 8 | Subject: Science

Chapter 5: Coal and Petroleum

🌍 CENTRAL IDEA

Fossil Fuels → Coal | Petroleum | Natural Gas

---

🪨 COAL

• Products: Coke, Coal Tar, Coal Gas
• Coke: Pure carbon, fuel, making steel
• Coal Tar: Roads, dyes, naphthalene
• Coal Gas: Fuel

Memory Trick: C³ = Coke – Coal Tar – Coal Gas

---

🛢️ PETROLEUM

• Also called Black Gold
• Obtained by Refining
• Separated by Fractional Distillation

Products (Top → Bottom):

• Petroleum Gas (LPG)
• Petrol
• Kerosene
• Diesel
• Lubricating Oil
• Paraffin Wax
• Bitumen

Memory Trick: G P K D L P B
Sentence: Good People Keep Doing Lovely Public Business

---

🔥 NATURAL GAS (CNG)

• Cleanest fossil fuel
• High calorific value
• Less pollution

Memory Trick: CNG = Clean – Natural – Gas

---

⚠️ IMPORTANT CONCEPT

• Fossil fuels are Non-renewable
• Take millions of years to form
• Limited resources → Must conserve

Exam Line: “Fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources formed from dead organisms over millions of years.”

 

Important Exam Questions

Class: 8 | Subject: Science

Chapter 5: Coal and Petroleum

Types: VSA / SA / LA

A. Very Short Answer Questions (VSA)

1. What are fossil fuels?
2. Name any one fossil fuel.
3. Which fossil fuel is in gaseous form?
4. Name the purest form of carbon.
5. What is petroleum also called?
6. Name one product obtained from petroleum.
7. Which fuel is considered the cleanest fossil fuel?
8. Where is coal gas obtained from?

---

B. Short Answer Questions (SA)

1. Why are fossil fuels called non-renewable resources?
2. What are the main products obtained from coal?
3. State two advantages of CNG.
4. What is coke? Mention one use.
5. What is petroleum refining?
6. Why is petroleum called “black gold”?
7. Write two uses of coal tar.

---

C. Long Answer Questions (LA)

1. Explain the formation of fossil fuels.
2. Describe the process of refining petroleum.
3. Explain the various products obtained from coal and their uses.
4. Why should we conserve fossil fuels? Explain.
5. Discuss the advantages of using CNG as a fuel.

 

Worksheet – FULL Answers (Step-by-Step)

Class: 8 | Science

Chapter 5: Coal and Petroleum

A. Very Short Answer Questions (VSA)

1. What are fossil fuels?
   Fossil fuels are fuels formed from the remains of plants and animals buried under the earth for millions of years.
2. Name one solid fossil fuel.
   Coal.
3. What is coke?
   Coke is a tough, porous, black substance and a pure form of carbon.
4. Which fuel is called the cleanest fossil fuel?
   Compressed Natural Gas (CNG).
5. Name one product obtained from petroleum.
   Petrol.

---

B. Short Answer Questions (SA)

1. Why are fossil fuels called non-renewable?
   Fossil fuels take millions of years to form and are available in limited quantities. Once used, they cannot be replaced quickly.
2. What are the main products obtained from coal?
   Coke, coal tar, and coal gas.
3. Why is CNG preferred over petrol and diesel?
   CNG produces less pollution, gives more energy, and leaves no residue.
4. What is petroleum refining?
   Petroleum refining is the process of separating crude oil into useful components called fractions.
5. Write two uses of coal tar.
   (i) Making roads
   (ii) Manufacturing dyes and chemicals

---

C. Long Answer Questions (LA)

1. Explain the formation of fossil fuels.
   Millions of years ago, plants and animals died and got buried under layers of soil. Due to high pressure and temperature, they slowly converted into coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
2. Describe the process of refining petroleum.
   Crude oil is heated in a refinery. Different fractions separate at different temperatures and are collected separately.
3. Explain the uses of coke, coal tar, and coal gas.
   Coke: Used as fuel and in steel making.
   Coal tar: Used in roads, medicines, dyes.
   Coal gas: Used as fuel.
4. Why should we conserve fossil fuels?
   Fossil fuels are limited and cause pollution. Conserving them helps protect the environment and ensures availability for future generations.

---

D. Fill in the Blanks

1. Coal is a solid fossil fuel.
2. Petroleum is also called black gold.
3. CNG gas is used as a fuel in homes and vehicles.
4. Coal tar is used for making roads.

---

E. True or False

1. Petroleum is a renewable resource – False
2. Coke is a pure form of carbon – True
3. Natural gas produces less pollution – True
4. Coal gas is obtained during the processing of coal – True

 

Worksheet – Coal and Petroleum

Class: 8 | Chapter: 5

Instructions: Answer all questions. Practice neatly.

A. Very Short Answer Questions (VSA)

1. What are fossil fuels?
2. Name one solid fossil fuel.
3. What is coke?
4. Which fuel is called the cleanest fossil fuel?
5. Name one product obtained from petroleum.

---

B. Short Answer Questions (SA)

1. Why are fossil fuels called non-renewable sources of energy?
2. What are the main products obtained from coal?
3. Why is CNG preferred over petrol and diesel?
4. What is petroleum refining?
5. Write two uses of coal tar.

---

C. Long Answer Questions (LA)

1. Explain the formation of fossil fuels.
2. Describe the process of refining petroleum.
3. Explain the uses of coke, coal tar, and coal gas.
4. Why should we conserve fossil fuels?

---

D. Fill in the Blanks

1. Coal is a ________ fossil fuel.
2. Petroleum is also called ________.
3. ________ gas is used as a fuel in homes and vehicles.
4. Coal tar is used for making ________.

---

E. True or False

1. Petroleum is a renewable resource. (True / False)
2. Coke is a pure form of carbon. (True / False)
3. Natural gas produces less pollution. (True / False)
4. Coal gas is obtained during the processing of coal. (True / False)

 

MCQs – Coal and Petroleum (Exam Level)

Class: 8 | Chapter: 5

1. Fossil fuels are formed from the remains of:
   ① Plants only
   ② Animals only
   ③ Plants and animals
   ④ Microorganisms


2. Which of the following is a solid fossil fuel?
   ① Petroleum
   ② Natural gas
   ③ Coal
   ④ CNG


3. Coke is obtained from:
   ① Petroleum
   ② Natural gas
   ③ Coal
   ④ Wood


4. Which fuel is considered the cleanest fossil fuel?
   ① Coal
   ② Petrol
   ③ Diesel
   ④ Natural gas


5. Petroleum is also known as:
   ① Coal oil
   ② Black gold
   ③ White fuel
   ④ Mineral coal


6. The process of separating petroleum into different components is called:
   ① Distillation
   ② Evaporation
   ③ Refining
   ④ Condensation


7. Which product of coal is used in the manufacture of steel?
   ① Coal tar
   ② Coke
   ③ Natural gas
   ④ Petrol


8. CNG stands for:
   ① Compressed Natural Gas
   ② Carbon Natural Gas
   ③ Compressed Nitrogen Gas
   ④ Coal Natural Gas


9. Fossil fuels are called non-renewable because:
   ① They are cheap
   ② They are easily available
   ③ They take millions of years to form
   ④ They are renewable


10. Which of the following is NOT a product of petroleum?
    ① Petrol
    ② Diesel
    ③ Coal tar
    ④ LPG

 

Important Exam Questions – Coal and Petroleum

Class: 8 | Chapter: 5

Very Short Answer Questions (VSA)

1. What are fossil fuels?
2. Name any two fossil fuels.
3. What is coke?
4. Which fuel is known as a clean fuel?
5. Name the natural gas used in homes.
6. What is petroleum also called?
7. What is the main use of coal?
8. Name the solid fossil fuel.

Short Answer Questions (SA)

1. What are fossil fuels? How are they formed?
2. Write any two uses of petroleum.
3. What is natural gas? Write two advantages of natural gas.
4. Explain the process of refining petroleum.
5. Why are fossil fuels called non-renewable resources?
6. Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable resources.

Long Answer Questions (LA)

1. Explain the products obtained from coal and their uses.
2. Describe petroleum refining with the help of a diagram.
3. Why should we conserve fossil fuels? Explain with reasons.
4. Explain the advantages of using natural gas as a fuel.
5. Write a note on alternative fuels and their importance.

 

Conservation of Natural Resources

Conservation of natural resources means using them carefully so that they are available for future generations.

Why Conservation Is Important?

• Natural resources are limited
• They take millions of years to form
• Overuse leads to environmental pollution
• Future generations depend on them

Steps to Conserve Fossil Fuels

• Use public transport
• Switch off vehicles at signals
• Save electricity
• Use energy-efficient appliances

Alternative Fuels

Alternative fuels are sources of energy that can replace fossil fuels and cause less pollution.

Examples of Alternative Fuels

• Solar energy
• Wind energy
• Biogas
• Hydroelectric power

 

Non-Renewable Natural Resources

Non-renewable natural resources are those resources which are present in limited quantity and cannot be replaced once they are exhausted.

Examples of Non-Renewable Resources

• Coal
• Petroleum
• Natural Gas

Why Should We Save Fossil Fuels?

• They take millions of years to form
• They are limited in quantity
• Burning them causes air pollution
• They contribute to global warming

Petrochemicals

Petrochemicals are chemicals obtained from petroleum or natural gas. They are used to manufacture many useful products.

Uses of Petrochemicals

• Making plastics
• Making synthetic fibres
• Making detergents and soaps
• Making medicines and cosmetics

 

Natural Gas

Natural gas is a fossil fuel found deep inside the earth. It is found above petroleum deposits and is the cleanest fossil fuel.

Uses of Natural Gas

• Used as fuel for cooking (PNG and LPG)
• Used in vehicles as CNG
• Used to generate electricity
• Used in industries as fuel

Advantages of Natural Gas

• Burns completely without leaving residue
• Produces very little pollution
• Easy to transport through pipelines

Petroleum Refining

Petroleum refining is the process of separating crude oil into useful components called petroleum products.

Important Petroleum Products

• LPG – Fuel for cooking
• Petrol – Fuel for cars and bikes
• Diesel – Fuel for buses, trucks, and generators
• Kerosene – Fuel for stoves and lamps
• Lubricating Oil – Used in machines
• Bitumen – Used for road surfacing

 

Fossil Fuels

Fossil fuels are fuels formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. These remains were buried under layers of soil and rocks and slowly changed into fuels due to heat and pressure.

Types of Fossil Fuels

• Coal
• Petroleum
• Natural Gas

Coal

Coal is a hard, black substance found deep under the earth. It is one of the oldest fossil fuels used by humans.

Uses of Coal:

• Used as fuel in thermal power plants to generate electricity
• Used in industries
• Used to make coke, coal tar, and coal gas

Petroleum

Petroleum is a dark, oily liquid found deep inside the earth. It is also known as crude oil.

Petroleum is refined in refineries to obtain useful products like petrol, diesel, kerosene, LPG, and lubricating oil.

 

Class 8 Science – Chapter 5

Coal and Petroleum

🔹 Introduction

Coal and petroleum are very important natural resources. They are used to produce energy, which is required for cooking, transportation, industries, and electricity generation.

🔹 Natural Resources

Natural resources are substances obtained from nature and used by humans for various purposes.

• Exhaustible Natural Resources: Resources that are present in limited quantity and can be exhausted.
  Examples: Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas
• Inexhaustible Natural Resources: Resources that are available in unlimited quantity.
  Examples: Air, Sunlight, Wind

🔹 Fossil Fuels

Fossil fuels are fuels formed from the remains of dead plants and animals buried under the earth millions of years ago.

Main Fossil Fuels:

• Coal
• Petroleum
• Natural Gas

🔹 Why Fossil Fuels are Limited?

Fossil fuels take millions of years to form. Since they are being used very fast, they may get exhausted in the future. Hence, they are called non-renewable resources.

 

📘 Class 8 Science – Chapter 4
Materials: Metals and Non-Metals

📝 Worksheet (Practice Questions)

Part A: Very Short Answer

1. Name one metal used for making electric wires.
2. Which metal is liquid at room temperature?
3. Name one non-metal used in fertilizers.
4. Which gas is released when metals react with acids?
5. What is the black substance formed on silver?

Part B: Short Answer

1. Write two properties of metals.
2. Why are metals malleable?
3. Write two uses of non-metals.
4. What is corrosion?
5. Why copper is used for making electric wires?

Part C: Long Answer

1. Explain rusting of iron.
2. Write differences between metals and non-metals.
3. Explain methods to prevent rusting.

---

✅ FULL ANSWERS (Step-by-Step)

Answers – Part A

1. Copper
2. Mercury
3. Nitrogen
4. Hydrogen gas
5. Silver sulphide

Answers – Part B

1. Two properties of metals:
   • They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
   • They are malleable and ductile.
2. Metals are malleable because metal atoms can slide over each other without breaking.
3. Uses of non-metals:
   • Oxygen is used for breathing.
   • Nitrogen is used in fertilizers.
4. Corrosion is the slow destruction of metals by air, water or chemicals.
5. Copper is used for electric wires because it is a good conductor of electricity and ductile.

Answers – Part C

1. Rusting of Iron:
   Rusting is the process in which iron reacts with oxygen and water to form reddish-brown rust (iron oxide).
   Conditions required: Air and water.
2. Differences between Metals and Non-Metals:
   • Metals are shiny; non-metals are dull.
   • Metals conduct electricity; non-metals do not.
   • Metals are malleable; non-metals are brittle.
3. Methods to Prevent Rusting:
   • Painting
   • Galvanisation
   • Oiling and greasing

CBSE • NCERT • Class 8 Science – Worksheet with Answers

 

📘 Class 8 Science – Chapter 4
Materials: Metals and Non-Metals

⭐ Important Exam Questions (VSA / SA / LA)

🔹 A. Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark)

1. Name one metal that is liquid at room temperature.
2. Which non-metal is essential for respiration?
3. Write one use of aluminium.
4. What is rust?
5. Which metal is used for electric wires?
6. Name a non-metal used in fertilizers.
7. Which gas is released when metals react with acids?
8. What is corrosion?
9. Name the coating used to prevent rusting.
10. Which non-metal is used in pencil lead?

🔹 B. Short Answer Questions – I (2 Marks)

1. Write any two physical properties of metals.
2. Write two differences between metals and non-metals.
3. Why are metals used for making cooking utensils?
4. What happens when iron reacts with oxygen and water?
5. Name two uses of copper.
6. Why sulphur is a non-metal?
7. What is galvanisation?
8. Why is gold used for making jewellery?

🔹 C. Short Answer Questions – II (3 Marks)

1. Explain corrosion with an example.
2. Write three uses of non-metals.
3. Describe three methods to prevent rusting.
4. Why is aluminium used in aircraft manufacturing?
5. What happens when a metal reacts with an acid? Explain.

🔹 D. Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)

1. Explain physical and chemical properties of metals with examples.
2. Differentiate between metals and non-metals based on:
   • Physical properties
   • Chemical properties
3. Explain rusting of iron:
   • Conditions required
   • Methods to prevent rusting
4. Explain the uses of metals and non-metals in daily life.

🧠 Memory Tip:
Rusting needs both air and water.
Remove any one → No rust.

CBSE • NCERT • Class 8 Science

 

Class 8 Science – Chapter 4
Materials: Metals and Non-Metals
Page 4: Reactions with Acids & Displacement

---

1️⃣ Reaction of Metals with Acids

Most metals react with dilute acids to produce salt and hydrogen gas.

Example:

Zinc + Dilute Hydrochloric Acid → Zinc Chloride + Hydrogen

The hydrogen gas produced burns with a ‘pop’ sound.

2️⃣ Reaction of Non-Metals with Acids

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids and hence do not produce hydrogen gas.

3️⃣ Reaction of Metals with Bases

Some metals like zinc and aluminium react with strong bases such as sodium hydroxide.

Example:

Zinc + Sodium Hydroxide → Sodium Zincate + Hydrogen

4️⃣ Displacement Reactions

A more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from its compound.

Example:

Iron + Copper Sulphate → Iron Sulphate + Copper

In this reaction, iron displaces copper because iron is more reactive.

⭐ Exam Tip: Displacement reactions depend on the reactivity series of metals.

 

Class 8 Science – Chapter 4
Materials: Metals and Non-Metals
Page 3: Chemical Properties

---

1️⃣ Chemical Properties

The properties that describe how a substance reacts with other substances are called chemical properties.

2️⃣ Reaction of Metals with Oxygen

Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides.

Example:

Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium Oxide

Metal oxides are generally basic in nature.

3️⃣ Reaction of Non-Metals with Oxygen

Non-metals react with oxygen to form non-metal oxides.

Example:

Carbon + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide

Non-metal oxides are generally acidic in nature.

4️⃣ Reaction with Water

• Some metals react vigorously with water (e.g., sodium, potassium).
• Some metals react slowly or not at all.
• Non-metals generally do not react with water.

⚠️ Safety Note: Sodium and potassium are stored in kerosene because they react violently with water.

 

Class 8 Science – Chapter 4
Materials: Metals and Non-Metals
Page 2: Physical Properties

---

1️⃣ Physical Properties

The properties of materials that can be observed or measured without changing their chemical nature are called physical properties.

2️⃣ Physical Properties of Metals

• Lustrous: Metals have a shiny surface.
• Hard: Most metals are hard (except sodium and potassium).
• Malleable: Metals can be beaten into thin sheets.
• Ductile: Metals can be drawn into thin wires.
• Good conductors: Metals conduct heat and electricity well.
• Sonorous: Metals produce a ringing sound when struck.

3️⃣ Physical Properties of Non-Metals

• Dull: Most non-metals do not have shine.
• Soft: Many non-metals are soft.
• Brittle: Non-metals break easily when beaten.
• Poor conductors: They do not conduct heat and electricity well.
• Not sonorous: They do not produce sound when struck.

📌 Note: Some non-metals like graphite conduct electricity, and iodine is shiny.

 

📘 NCERT Textbooks – Free PDF Download

Official NCERT textbooks for Classes I–XII
Available in multiple languages (English / Hindi / Regional)

👉 Click here to Download NCERT Textbooks (Official)

Source: NCERT (Government of India)
Safe • Free • Exam-Oriented

🔗 Our Learning Network

📘 CBSE Hub  |  📚 NCERT Books (PDF)  |  📰 Today News  |  🌍 Matha Current Affairs  |  🎓 Learning Hub  |  💬 WhatsApp Channel

 

📘 Personality Development – Hindi Series (Complete Library)

यह Library Page व्यक्तित्व विकास (Personality Development) से जुड़े सभी महत्वपूर्ण लेखों को एक ही स्थान पर प्रस्तुत करती है।

1. व्यक्तित्व विकास: जीवन की शुरुआत
2. आत्म जागरूकता और व्यक्तित्व विकास
3. आत्म स्वीकृति और आंतरिक आत्मविश्वास
4. आत्मसम्मान और अहंकार का अंतर
5. वास्तविक आत्मविश्वास और दिखावटी साहस
6. भावनात्मक बुद्धिमत्ता और आत्म नियंत्रण
7. असफलता से सीख और आत्म विकास
8. आत्म अनुशासन और व्यक्तित्व विकास
9. समय प्रबंधन और व्यक्तित्व विकास
10. लक्ष्य निर्धारण और व्यक्तित्व विकास
11. निरंतरता और व्यक्तित्व विकास
12. डर और आत्मसंदेह पर विजय
13. तनाव प्रबंधन और व्यक्तित्व विकास
14. आत्ममूल्य और आत्मसम्मान
15. रिश्ते, सम्मान और सामाजिक बुद्धिमत्ता
16. कृतज्ञता, सकारात्मक सोच और आंतरिक संतोष
17. दृष्टि, उद्देश्य और अर्थपूर्ण जीवन
18. मूल्य, नैतिकता और चरित्र निर्माण
19. नेतृत्व, प्रभाव और जिम्मेदारी
20. अनुकूलनशीलता, परिवर्तन और आजीवन सीखना
21. आत्म नियंत्रण, संयम और परिपक्व व्यक्तित्व
22. पूर्ण व्यक्तित्व विकास और जागरूक जीवन

---

🔗 Personality Development – Master Library
🔗 Learning Resource Hub
📲 WhatsApp Learning Channel