Mind Map + Easy Memory Tricks

Class: 8 | Subject: Science

Chapter 5: Coal and Petroleum

🌍 CENTRAL IDEA

Fossil Fuels → Coal | Petroleum | Natural Gas

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🪨 COAL

• Products: Coke, Coal Tar, Coal Gas
• Coke: Pure carbon, fuel, making steel
• Coal Tar: Roads, dyes, naphthalene
• Coal Gas: Fuel

Memory Trick: C³ = Coke – Coal Tar – Coal Gas

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🛢️ PETROLEUM

• Also called Black Gold
• Obtained by Refining
• Separated by Fractional Distillation

Products (Top → Bottom):

• Petroleum Gas (LPG)
• Petrol
• Kerosene
• Diesel
• Lubricating Oil
• Paraffin Wax
• Bitumen

Memory Trick: G P K D L P B
Sentence: Good People Keep Doing Lovely Public Business

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🔥 NATURAL GAS (CNG)

• Cleanest fossil fuel
• High calorific value
• Less pollution

Memory Trick: CNG = Clean – Natural – Gas

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⚠️ IMPORTANT CONCEPT

• Fossil fuels are Non-renewable
• Take millions of years to form
• Limited resources → Must conserve

Exam Line: “Fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources formed from dead organisms over millions of years.”