Class 7 Mathematics
Chapter 2: Fractions and Decimals
STAGE 0: Foundation
Fractions and decimals are used to represent parts of a whole. They help us measure, divide, and compare quantities accurately.
- Half of a pizza → fraction
- Money like ₹12.50 → decimal
STAGE 1: Fractions
A fraction has two parts:
- Numerator – the top number (parts taken)
- Denominator – the bottom number (total equal parts)
Example: In 3/5, 3 is the numerator and 5 is the denominator.
STAGE 2: Types of Fractions
- Proper Fraction: Numerator < Denominator (3/7)
- Improper Fraction: Numerator ≥ Denominator (9/4)
- Mixed Fraction: Whole number + fraction (2 1/3)
STAGE 3: Equivalent Fractions
Fractions that represent the same value are called equivalent fractions.
Example: 1/2 = 2/4 = 3/6
To find equivalent fractions, multiply or divide the numerator and denominator by the same number.
STAGE 4: Comparing Fractions
- Make denominators same
- Compare numerators
Example:
3/4 > 2/4
STAGE 5: Decimals
Decimals are another way to write fractions with denominator 10, 100, 1000, etc.
- 1/10 = 0.1
- 25/100 = 0.25
STAGE 6: Operations on Decimals
Addition: Add like whole numbers, align decimal points.
Example: 2.4 + 1.6 = 4.0
Subtraction: Subtract by aligning decimal points.
Example: 5.2 − 3.7 = 1.5
STAGE 7: Practice Questions
1. Write three proper fractions.
2. Convert 7/10 into decimal.
3. Find an equivalent fraction of 2/3.
4. Compare: 5/6 and 3/6.
5. Find: 3.5 + 2.25.
Shaktimatha CBSE Learning
Class 7 Mathematics – Chapter 2: Fractions and Decimals
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