🌍 Class 7 Geography – Chapter 7
Human Environment – Settlement, Transport and Communication
NCERT Notes | Easy & Exam Ready

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🏘️ Introduction

Human environment refers to the surroundings created by humans. People modify natural environment to meet their needs such as shelter, transport and communication.

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🏠 Settlement

A settlement is a place where people live. Settlements develop near sources of water, fertile land and transport facilities.

Types of Settlements

• Temporary settlements – People live for a short period (example: nomads)
• Permanent settlements – People live permanently

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🏡 Rural and Urban Settlements

Rural Settlements

• Found in villages
• Main occupation is agriculture
• Low population density

Urban Settlements

• Found in towns and cities
• People work in industries and services
• High population density

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🚦 Transport

Transport helps people and goods move from one place to another. Good transport system helps in development of a country.

Types of Transport

• Land Transport – Roads and railways
• Water Transport – Ships and boats
• Air Transport – Aeroplanes

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🚗 Land Transport

• Roads connect villages, towns and cities
• Railways are used for long-distance travel

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🚢 Water Transport

• Cheapest mode of transport
• Used for carrying heavy goods
• Includes inland waterways and sea routes

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✈️ Air Transport

• Fastest mode of transport
• Expensive
• Useful for emergencies

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📡 Communication

Communication helps people share information. It plays an important role in connecting the world.

Means of Communication

• Letters and postcards
• Telephones and mobile phones
• Internet and emails
• Radio and television

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🌐 Mass Media

Mass media reaches a large number of people at the same time.

• Newspapers
• Television
• Radio
• Internet

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📌 Key Exam Points:
• Difference between rural and urban settlements
• Types of transport with examples
• Importance of communication and mass media

Prepared by Shaktimatha Learning 🌟
NCERT Based • Simple Language • Exam Oriented