🌍 Class 7 Geography – Chapter 1
Environment
NCERT Notes | Easy Explanation

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📌 Introduction

The environment is everything that surrounds us. It includes living and non-living things that affect our life on Earth. Human beings depend on the environment for survival.

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📌 What is Environment?

Environment means the place, people, things, and nature that surround us.

• It includes air, water, land, plants, animals, and humans
• Environment can be natural or human-made

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📌 Components of Environment

The environment has three main components:

1️⃣ Natural Environment

• Land (Lithosphere)
• Water (Hydrosphere)
• Air (Atmosphere)
• Plants and animals (Biosphere)

2️⃣ Human-made Environment

• Buildings
• Roads
• Industries
• Monuments

3️⃣ Human Environment

• People and communities
• Social, economic, and political activities

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📌 Natural Environment

Natural environment includes everything created by nature.

• Mountains, rivers, forests, oceans
• Climate and weather
• Plants and animals

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📌 Human-made Environment

Human-made environment includes things created by humans.

• Houses and buildings
• Bridges and roads
• Industries and cities

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📌 Human Environment

Human environment refers to people and their activities.

• Culture and traditions
• Economic activities like farming and trade
• Social and political systems

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📌 Interdependence of Environment

All components of the environment depend on each other.

• Humans depend on nature for food and shelter
• Plants and animals depend on air, water, and land
• Any change in one part affects the other

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📌 Need to Protect the Environment

Environment must be protected because:

• Natural resources are limited
• Pollution harms life on Earth
• Future generations depend on it

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📌 Exam Tip:
Remember definitions and examples. Write answers in points with headings to score full marks.

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