📘 Class 7 History – Chapter 2
New Kings and Kingdoms
(NCERT Questions & Answers)

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Q1. What were the new dynasties that emerged between the 7th and 12th centuries?

Answer:
Between the 7th and 12th centuries, many new dynasties emerged in different parts of India.

• Gurjara-Pratiharas
• Palas
• Rashtrakutas
• Cholas
• Chahamanas (Chauhans)

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Q2. Who were samantas?

Answer:
Samantas were subordinate rulers who were under the control of powerful kings.

• They provided military support to kings
• They collected revenue for the king
• Over time, many samantas became powerful and declared themselves independent

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Q3. What role did rituals play in medieval kingdoms?

Answer:
Rituals played an important role in showing the power and authority of kings.

• Ashvamedha Yajna showed complete control of the king
• Rajasuya Yajna marked the coronation of the king
• These rituals increased the king’s prestige

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Q4. What were prashastis? Why were they composed?

Answer:
Prashastis were inscriptions written in praise of kings.

• They described the achievements of rulers
• They exaggerated the bravery and success of kings
• They helped kings establish their authority

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Q5. Describe the administration of the Chola dynasty.

Answer:
The Chola dynasty had a well-organised administrative system.

• Administration was divided into villages, districts, and provinces
• Village assemblies managed local affairs
• Taxes were collected systematically
• Land records were carefully maintained

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Q6. What were sabha and ur?

Answer:
Sabha and ur were village assemblies during the Chola period.

• Sabha – Assembly of Brahmins
• Ur – Assembly of common villagers

These assemblies looked after irrigation, agriculture, and local administration.

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Q7. How were land grants recorded?

Answer:
Land grants were recorded on copper plates.

• They mentioned the name of the king
• They described the land granted
• They recorded the rights given to the recipient

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📝 Exam Writing Tip:
Use keywords like samanta, prashasti, sabha, ur. Write answers in points and underline important terms.

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