👑 Class 7 History – Chapter 2
New Kings and Kingdoms
These NCERT notes explain the rise of new kings, kingdoms, and administrative systems in India between the 7th and 12th centuries.
🏰 1. The Emergence of New Dynasties
Between the 7th and 12th centuries, many new kingdoms emerged in different parts of India. These rulers were called samantas.
- Samantas were originally subordinate rulers
- They gained power and became independent kings
- They built forts and maintained armies
📜 2. Administration of the Kingdoms
Kings used different methods to run their kingdoms efficiently.
- They collected taxes from peasants and traders
- They maintained records of land and revenue
- They rewarded officials with land grants
Land grants were often recorded on copper plates.
⚔️ 3. Warfare and Military Strength
Wars were common during this period as kings wanted to expand their territories.
- Kings fought wars to gain land and wealth
- Strong armies were necessary to protect kingdoms
- Victorious kings performed rituals to show their power
🛕 4. Important Rituals and Titles
Kings performed special rituals to declare their supremacy.
- Ashvamedha Yajna – Horse sacrifice
- Rajasuya Yajna – Coronation ritual
These rituals showed that the king was powerful and independent.
🗺️ 5. The Chola Dynasty
The Cholas were one of the most powerful dynasties in South India.
- They ruled Tamil Nadu and nearby regions
- They built temples like the Brihadeeswara Temple
- They had a strong navy
Chola administration was well organised at village, district, and state levels.
🌾 6. Village Administration
Village assemblies played an important role in governance.
- They managed irrigation and agriculture
- They collected taxes
- They resolved local disputes
📌 7. Important Terms
- Samanta – Subordinate ruler who later became powerful
- Prashasti – Inscription praising a king
- Sabha – Assembly of Brahmins
- Ur – Village assembly of common people
- Nadu – Group of villages
Remember names of dynasties, rituals, and terms like samanta, prashasti, sabha. Write answers in points for better marks.
Prepared by Shaktimatha Learning ✨
Clear concepts • Easy notes • Exam-ready
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