Class 8 Science – Chapter 3
Synthetic Fibres and Plastics
Step 5: Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Materials

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What are Biodegradable Materials?

Biodegradable materials are substances that can be broken down naturally by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.

Examples:

• Vegetable waste
• Paper
• Leaves
• Wood
• Cotton cloth

What are Non-Biodegradable Materials?

Non-biodegradable materials do not decompose naturally and remain in the environment for a very long time.

Examples:

• Plastic
• Polythene bags
• Glass
• Metal cans
• Synthetic fibres

Comparison Table

Biodegradable	Non-Biodegradable
Decompose naturally	Do not decompose
Eco-friendly	Cause pollution
Short life in nature	Remain for many years

Why Should We Avoid Non-Biodegradable Waste?

• Pollutes soil, water, and air
• Harms animals and plants
• Clogs drainage systems
• Creates long-term environmental problems

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🌍 Choose Biodegradable – Protect Nature