📘 Class 7 History – Chapter 4
The Mughal Empire
(NCERT Notes)

                                        

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1️⃣ Introduction

The Mughal Empire was one of the most powerful empires in Indian history. It ruled a large part of India for more than 300 years. The Mughals were known for strong administration, art, architecture, and culture.

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2️⃣ Who were the Mughals?

The Mughals were descendants of:

• Genghis Khan (from the Mongol side)
• Timur (from the Turkish side)

They spoke Persian and followed many Central Asian traditions.

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3️⃣ Babur – The Founder

Babur founded the Mughal Empire in 1526 CE after defeating Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat.

• Babur was a brave soldier and poet
• He wrote his autobiography called Baburnama

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4️⃣ Important Mughal Emperors

🔹 Akbar (1556–1605)

• One of the greatest Mughal rulers
• Followed a policy of religious tolerance
• Appointed capable officers irrespective of religion
• Introduced a strong administrative system

🔹 Jahangir

• Known for his sense of justice
• Used the Chain of Justice

🔹 Shah Jahan

• Famous for architecture
• Built the Taj Mahal

🔹 Aurangzeb

• Expanded the empire to its largest size
• Ruled for nearly 50 years

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5️⃣ Mughal Administration

The Mughal Empire had a well-organised administration.

• Mansabdars were military and civil officers
• Jagirs were land grants given instead of salary
• Revenue was collected mainly from agriculture

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6️⃣ Mughal Culture

• Persian language and literature flourished
• Miniature paintings became popular
• Architecture reached its peak

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7️⃣ Decline of the Mughal Empire

• Weak successors after Aurangzeb
• Large empire became difficult to control
• Foreign invasions and internal revolts

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📌 Exam Tip:
Remember important dates, rulers, and terms like Mansabdar, Jagir, Baburnama. Short notes + keywords help score better.

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