🌍 Class 7 Geography – Chapter 5
Water
NCERT Notes | Easy & Exam Ready

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💧 Introduction

Water is one of the most essential natural resources. All living beings depend on water for survival.

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🌊 Distribution of Water on Earth

• About 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water
• 97% of water is salty (oceans and seas)
• Only 3% is fresh water

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🚰 Fresh Water Resources

Fresh water is found in:

• Rivers
• Lakes
• Glaciers and ice caps
• Groundwater

Most of the fresh water is frozen in glaciers.

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🔁 The Water Cycle

The water cycle is the continuous movement of water between land, oceans and atmosphere.

• Evaporation – Water changes into water vapour due to heat
• Condensation – Water vapour cools and forms clouds
• Precipitation – Water falls as rain, snow or hail

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☔ Precipitation

Precipitation is the falling of moisture from clouds in different forms:

• Rain
• Snow
• Hail

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🌧️ Rainfall

Rainfall is not the same everywhere.

• Some regions receive heavy rainfall
• Some regions receive very little rainfall

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🚱 Water Scarcity

Water scarcity occurs when water is not available in sufficient quantity.

• Overuse of water
• Population growth
• Pollution of water bodies

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💦 Water Conservation

Water must be conserved to prevent shortage in future.

• Rainwater harvesting
• Judicious use of water
• Preventing water pollution

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📌 Key Exam Points:
• 97% salty water, 3% fresh water
• Steps of water cycle are very important
• Rainwater harvesting is frequently asked

Prepared by Shaktimatha Learning 🌟
NCERT Based • Simple Language • Exam Oriented